Today was a day of battling the urge to nap ...and losing. The heat has been on noticeably high in our primary lecture hall and as a result, you can see so many heads drooping and then jerking awake you might think you watching a metal concert in slow motion.
TIL: Like in the digestive system, the ureter is covered with both a longitudinal and circular layer of smooth muscle. In the ureter, however, the longitudinal layer is the innermost layer covered by a circular layer - the opposite of the layering of the digestive tract.
In the event of a potentially lethal ventricular tachycardia, you can attempt to calm the heart by stimulating the vagus nerve. This can be done by massaging the carotid bulb (the lowest section of the internal carotid artery in the neck). However, you have to be careful not to put too much pressure on the artery or you can risk the patient passing out.
When performing a tracheotomy, you stab between the first cartilaginous rings of the trachea below the thyroid cartilage. Usually the thyroid gland (which looks like a butterfly from the front) is low enough not to be in the way but occasionally it reaches up and blocks your path. What do you do? Cut it in half! The thyroid gland doesn't have a duct; it secrets directly into the bloodstream which it accesses bilaterally. This means you can cut the thyroid right down the middle with no noticeable effect. Push the two halves apart and insert the tracheal tube.
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